Articles

Beyond the Upgrade: Why Updating AI Models Doesn’t Guarantee Better Results (And How to Control Your Environment)

4 Min read

In the fast-paced world of generative AI, there is a dangerous myth developers often fall for: newer is always better. When a new version of an LLM drops, the immediate instinct is to update API configurations, expecting smarter reasoning, fewer hallucinations, and a magical boost to application performance. But as anyone who has pushed an AI-first application to production knows, updating an AI...

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Harness Engineering: The New Paradigm of Agent-First Software Development

By Tung Nguyen

In data science, full-stack

4 Min read

In late 2025, an engineering team at OpenAI ran a massive internal experiment that demonstrated the true power of Harness Engineering. They successfully built and shipped a beta software product containing roughly a million lines of code, and humans manually wrote exactly zero of them. Instead, humans orchestrated a suite of Codex agents to write the application logic, tests, CI configurations...

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How EMV (Chip & PIN) Works – Transaction Flow Chart

By Tung Nguyen

In data science

9 Min read

The shift from magnetic stripe to EMV (Europay, Mastercard, and Visa) technology has revolutionized the way card transactions are processed, enhancing security and reducing fraud. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the EMV transaction process, detailing each step involved from card detection to transaction completion. Process Description The transaction process begins with the card...

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How I build automated testing for the payment terminals

By Tung Nguyen

In Android, back-end, Cloud, front-end, full-stack, iOS, Project

3 Min read

Payment terminals are devices used to process card transactions and must undergo extensive certification before being released to the market. Therefore, it is essential to test them quickly and reliably. I named the project as Mastoo (code name: MR2). The MR2 architecture To achieve this, our team are building a solution for automation testing with a combination of robots, cards, a point-of-sale...

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The Card Payment Industry Landscape: Latest Technologies and Trends

By Tung Nguyen

In Project

4 Min read

The card payment industry is undergoing a significant transformation driven by technological advancements, evolving consumer preferences, and regulatory changes. As the world increasingly moves towards cashless transactions, understanding the latest technologies and trends in this sector is crucial for businesses, consumers, and policymakers. 1. Contactless Payments and NFC Technology Contactless...

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