Intro Figure 1: Game theory: Prisoners’ dilemma Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interaction between rational decision-makers. It has applications in all fields of social science, as well as in logic and computer science [1]. In many AI application, e.g. multi-agent systems, this theory plays a very important role in agent’ reasoning. Please note that this...
Most new Python programmers have a hard time figuring out the *args and **kwargs magic variables. So what are they? *args and **kwargs Firstly, it is not necessary to write *args or **kwargs. Only the * (asterisk) is necessary. You can use *var and **vars instead. Writing *args and **kwargs is just a convention. So now let’s take a look at *args first. Usage of *args *args and...
When working with data structures, you may want to analyse the space complexity of a particular object. For example, you want to compare the size of a sparse matrix and a dense matrix which represent the same data. With python, “Just use sys.getsizeof” is not a complete answer. It does work for builtin objects directly, but it does not account for what those objects may...
You could have been playing with this concept so many times without knowing the name of ETL. Let have a quick concept review using MovieLens automation as examples. Concept According to Wikipedia: Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) refers to a process in database usage and especially in data warehousing that: Extracts data from homogeneous or heterogeneous data sources Transforms the data for...
machine_learning A.I The concept of artificial intelligence – A.I – has been around for decades. Historically, scientists filled the outlook for the future with predictions of machine intelligence, robotics and automation. Society watched the interpretation of such visions through Hollywood’s science fiction movies where robots which were designed to help people, went rogue and took...